Naphthalene Flanked Diketopyrrolopyrrole: A New Functional Dye Based Optical Sensors for Monitoring Cyanide Ions in Water
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Cyanide (CN−) is one of the most hazardous ions to humans and the environment. Therefore, sensitive, and selective sensors for CN− monitoring are highly required. A novel chemosensor based on naphthalene flanked diketopyrrolopyrrole dye (TBC‐DPPN) is synthesized for the direct detection of CN− in water samples by naked eye and vibrational spectroscopy (UV–Vis and fluorescence). The electron deficient carbonyl group of the lactam ring of TBC‐DPPN undergoes a nucleophilic attack by the CN− thus causing the yellow color of the dye turn to colorless, and fluorescence of the dye at 527 nm to turn‐off. The mechanism of CN− sensing by the TBC‐DPPN sensor is confirmed by spectral measurements and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The TBC‐DPPN sensor is utilized to determine the CN− by colorimetric and fluorescence methods in water down to 0.5 and 0.05 µm, respectively, which is well below the cut off limit of 1.9 µm that is recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). Therefore, TBC‐DPPN can act as dual channel sensor with high selectivity and sensitivity for the determination of CN− in water.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".