Anisotropic nature of the capillary stress tensor
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The paper describes a micromechanical approach that explores the anisotropic nature of the capillary stress tensor and its evolution in pendular granular materials via Discrete Element Modeling (DEM) simulations. Dimensionless parameters are used to address the conditions under which the contribution of capillarity (or cohesive interparticle forces) to the stress transmission within a Representative Elementary Volume (REV) is expected to be considerable. From a series of suction-controlled conventional triaxial tests, numerical results show that the significance of the capillary stress and the relative magnitude of its mean to deviatoric components is directly connected to the characteristic particle size and applied stress. In addition, it is shown that the anisotropic character of the capillary stress tensor intensifies with increasing suction. Furthermore, a simple shear test is conducted at constant mean stress to reveal the development of deviatoric capillary stresses in the absence of any change in mean stress, which cannot be captured by the commonly used Bishop’s stress expression.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".