Back to Quiescence: Postoutburst Evolution of the Pulsar J1119–6127 and Its Wind Nebula
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract We report on the analysis of a deep Chandra observation of the high-magnetic-field pulsar (PSR) J1119–6127 and its compact pulsar wind nebula (PWN) taken in 2019 October, three years after the source went into outburst. The 0.5–7 keV postoutburst (2019) spectrum of the pulsar is best described by a two-component blackbody plus power-law model with a temperature of 0.2 ± 0.1 keV, photon index Γ = 1.8 ± 0.4, and X-ray luminosity of 1.9 − 0.3 + 0.3 × 1033 erg s−1, consistent with its preburst quiescent phase. We find that the pulsar has gone back to quiescence. The compact nebula shows a jet-like morphology elongated in the north–south direction, similar to the preburst phase. The postoutburst PWN spectrum is best fit by an absorbed power law with a photon index Γ = 2.3 ± 0.5 and a flux of 3.2 − 0.2 + 0.3 ×10−14 erg cm−2 s−1 (0.5–7 keV). The PWN spectrum shows evidence of spectral softening in the postoutburst phase, with the preburst photon index Γ = 1.2 ± 0.4 changing to Γ = 2.3 ± 0.5 and the preburst luminosity of 1.5 − 0.2 + 0.3 × 1032 erg s−1 changing to 2.7 − 0.2 + 0.3 × 1032 erg s−1 in the 0.5–7 keV band, suggesting magnetar outbursts can impact PWNe. The observed timescale for returning to quiescence, of just a few years, implies a rather fast cooling process and favors a scenario where J1119 is temporarily powered by magnetic energy following the magnetar outburst, in addition to its spin-down energy.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".