Role of whole body autoregulation in the control of blood pressure and sodium balance: insights from computer simulations with Guyton's model
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The concept of whole body blood flow autoregulation (WBFAR) has often been used to explain the increase in blood pressure (BP) in various models of salt‐loading hypertension. Computer simulations offer a unique way to test the role of WBFAR in achieving salt balance and BP control during salt‐loading since it is not possible to block WBFAR experimentally. Using Guyton's large circulatory model, we tested, in the presence or absence of WBFAR, the hemodynamic and fluid volume changes that occur after a 10‐fold increase in salt intake in three different situations: (A) normal neurohormonal modulation; (B) fixed circulating angiotensin II at a normal level; (C) full neurohormonal blockade (fixed angiotensin, aldosterone and ANP, and fixed autonomic output). In the presence of WBFAR, BP after salt‐loading remained stable in situation A, but increased by ~10 mmHg in situation B, and by ~30 mmHg in situation C. Even then, changes in cardiac output (CO) and blood volume (BV) were minimal (less than 4% and 2%, respectively). In the absence of WBFAR, the same simulations led to similar changes in BP. However, a nearly twofold increase in CO and an increase in BV by more than 20% were required to achieve salt‐balance in situation C. From the simulations one may conclude that autoregulation limits the amount of fluid retention required to increase BP in order to achieve salt balance during salt‐loading, but does not affect the final level of BP.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".