Spread of injected dye after ultrasound‐guided transversus abdominis plane block in cadavers
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Transverse abdominis plane (TAP) block is done before abdominal surgery to relieve post surgery pain. A TAP block deposits local anaesthetic between transversus abdominis and internal oblique muscles, anesthetising the thoracolumbar nerves. Difficulty encountered when performing this procedure is consistency reaching T7‐L1 nerves. In previous TAP block studies, only some of these nerves were covered by dye, mimicking anaesthetic migration, in embalmed cadavers. The goal of this study is to explore techniques that enable TAP blocking of the T7 to L1 nerves. Different injected substances tested were methylene blue dye, green paint, red latex solution, gelatine and paint solution, and methylcellulose and paint solution in embalmed cadavers using ultrasound as a guide. Using methylcellulose and paint solution, T7 to L1 nerves were reached in embalmed cadavers with 20cc of methylcellulose/paint solution injected rostral and with 10 cc of methylcellulose/paint solution injected caudal to the umbilicus at the anterior axillary line. These clinical findings may provide anaesthesiologists with information to more consistently relieve pain and decrease recovery time. Grant Funding Source : Deparmental
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".