Temporalis muscle innervation patterns are generally conserved across subjects
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The temporalis muscle is structurally complex; its muscular architecture is often misrepresented and its innervation pattern is not well characterized. In this study we digitized and mapped the 3D extramuscular and intramuscular mandibular nerve course from foramen ovale to its terminal branches in the temporalis muscle belly in four formalin embalmed cadaveric specimens. The muscle mass was dissected and digitized in layers to map its volume. The digitized nerve and muscle volume data were reconstructed into a 3D model using Maya ® for visualization. Lateral 2D views were then manually registered to a common geometrical template using linear and non‐linear transformation techniques in Adobe Photoshop CS5. The extramuscular innervation consisted of three deep temporal nerves corresponding to anterior, middle and posterior portions of the muscle, masseteric and buccal nerves. Intramuscularly, the extent of muscle mass innervated by each of the nerves differed depending on the number of terminal branches. The spatial distribution of registered nerve branches was generally conserved suggesting that the degree of terminal branching was indicative of neurogenic control. We noted abundant intramuscular nerve fiber anastomosis from the anterior to posterior extent of the muscle in individuals. This work was supported by the American Association of Anatomists Visiting Scholarship.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".