Time dependent regulation of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) isoforms mRNA expression in early and established streptozotocin diabetes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Inhibition of all NOS isoforms, or only NOS1, augments renal autoregulation in normal mammals. Recently, non-selective NOS inhibition was reported to profoundly affect autoregulation after 1 week of diabetes (DM) (AJP 295: F445, 2008) but not after 4 weeks of DM (AJP 296: R1761, 2009). To address this apparent contradiction, we tested the gene expression of the NOS isoforms in renal cortex after 1 and 4 weeks of DM. Adult, male Long-Evans rats were given streptozotocin (60mg/kg IV), then insulin implants to keep blood glucose ~24mmol/L. Kidneys were harvested and mRNA was quantified by real time RT-PCR. Nos1 expression, relative to contemporaneous untreated controls, was 3.3 (range 2.5–4.3)-fold after 1 week and 0.27 (0.20–0.35)-fold after 4 weeks, while Nos 2 was 0.45 (0.31–0.66)-fold then 2.08 (1.52–2.85)-fold and Nos3 was 1.71 (1.41–2.08)-fold then 0.29 (0.23–0.37)-fold. Nos1 gene expression was consistent with previous functional data, while Nos3 expression was not. Very little Nos2 mRNA was present in any rat at either time. This suggests that Nos1 is the most important with respect to autoregulation in DM. Funded by Victoria Fdn, CIHR and UVic SURA.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".