Prenatal hypoxia causes long‐term retina dysfunction in rats
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background Evidence indicates that prenatal stressors, such as hypoxia, can induce phenotypic changes in the fetus which increase its predisposition to age‐related complications. We hypothesized that aged offspring exposed to prenatal hypoxia would exhibit exacerbated age‐related functional decline of the retina. Methods Female Sprague‐Dawley rat offspring (that were maintained at either 11% O 2 [hypoxic] or 21% O 2 [normoxic] from gestational day (GD)15 to GD21, term=GD22) had their retina function assessed 2 and 14 months of age by electroretinophy (ERG). Anatomy was assessed by immunofluorescence microscopy. Results Dark‐adapted mixed a‐wave (rod and cone function) and b‐wave (bipolar cell activity) amplitudes were diminished in hypoxic offspring; these effects were most apparent at 14 months. Young and aged hypoxic offspring also had fewer mixed a‐wave threshold responses, and mixed b‐wave responses were markedly reduced in light adapted conditions. Light‐adapted flicker fusion frequency was also reduced in aged hypoxic versus age‐matched normoxic controls. There was no evidence of reduced photoreceptor cell numbers, although there was evidence of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) accumulation in aged IUGR offspring, providing evidence of photoreceptor damage. Conclusions Prenatal hypoxia causes both intrinsic and age‐related changes in retina function.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".