Men are from Mars, Women are from Venus. Gender specific changes in pulmonary function in 1 year old rats after neonatal hyperoxia exposure
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Rationale Preterm birth affects about 11% of pregnancies worldwide. The Institute of Medicine estimated the cost associated with premature birth to be $36 billion in 2016. Lungs in preterm infants are in the critical saccular stage of lung development and susceptible to the oxygen‐induced chronic lung disease known as bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). BPD is characterized by functional abnormalities including decreased saccular/alveolar septation, decreased microvascular cross‐sectional area with or without pulmonary hypertension, airway injury with or without increased airway reactivity, and abnormalities of control of breathing in various combinations. While the initial inflammation improves, chronic inflammation ensues for a long time. We tested how neonatal hyperoxia exposure affects lung function one year after birth. We postulated an increase in lung collagen levels reflected by reduced pulmonary function. Methods 6 newborn male and female rats in each group were exposed to Hyperoxia (Hx; 85% O 2 ) or Normoxia (Nx; 21% O 2 ) for 14 days, then aged to 1 year in Nx. At one year, lung function was measured using a FlexiVent (Scireq, Montreal, Canada). Using a single frequency forced oscillation manoeuvre and a low‐frequency forced oscillation technique the lung was tested for compliance and resistance. Total lung collagen was determined by a colorimetric assay using Ehrlich's reagent. Results Analysis of one year old rats showed no difference in weight and body length between the Nx and the Hx group within each gender. The inspiratory capacity (IC) was significantly higher in the Hx exposed male rats compared to the Nx exposed male rats (12.6±0.6 ml vs 14.0±0.9 ml; p=0.02). The difference in IC in female rats was significantly lower in the Hx group compared to the Nx group (11.3±0.4 vs 10.1±0.6 ml; p=0.002). Dynamic compliance was significantly increased in the male Hx group compared to the male Nx group (1.43±0.05 vs 1.61±0.11 ml/cm H 2 O; p=0.04). In contrast, the female Hx group showed significantly reduced compliance compared to the female Nx group (1.32±0.05 vs 1.15±0.17 ml/cm H 2 O). In addition, the PV loop area was higher in the male Hx group compared to the male Nx group and no difference was found between the two female groups. Total collagen in lung tissue was not different between the male Hx and Nx groups but was higher in the female Hx compared to the Nx group. Conclusion One year after neonatal Hx exposure, the male lung shows increased compliance and inspiratory capacity compared to the Nx exposed rats suggesting a trend to emphysema. In contrast, female rats show signs of lung fibrosis reflected by reduced compliance and increased total collagen content. This data suggests that neonatal oxygen exposure initiates alterations in inflammatory and repair pathways that are different between male and female rats. Support or Funding Information NHLBI: R01 HL115061‐01 (Eldridge) This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal .
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.025 | 0.008 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".