Individual (Co)variation in Resting and Maximal Metabolic Rates in Wild Mice
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Basal metabolic rate (BMR) represents the lowest level of aerobic metabolism in a resting, postabsorptive endotherm as measured within the thermoneutral zone. By contrast, maximal metabolic rate (V˙O2max) reflects the upper limit of aerobic metabolism achieved during intensive exercise. As BMR and V˙O2max define the boundaries of the possible levels of aerobic metabolism expressed by a normothermic individual, a key question is whether BMR and V˙O2max are correlated. In the present study, we took repeated paired measurements of thermoneutral resting metabolic rate (RMRt) and V˙O2max on 165 white-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus). Over a single summer (May–October), repeatability (R ± SE) was low but statistically significant (P<0.05) for both RMRt and V˙O2max (R=0.15±0.08 for RMRt; R=0.27±0.12 for V˙O2max). Willingness to run during the forced-exercise trials was also significantly repeatable (R=0.16±0.08). At the residual level (within individual), RMRt and V˙O2max tended to be positively correlated (re=0.23±0.11, P=0.051), suggesting the presence of correlated phenotypic plasticity. By contrast, RMRt and V˙O2max were significantly negatively correlated at the among-individual level (rind=−0.84±0.40). To the extent that variation in RMRt reflects variation in BMR, the negative among-individual correlation does not corroborate the idea that a costly metabolic machinery is needed to support a high V˙O2max. Future research should investigate the (genetic) relationship between RMRt (and BMR) and other energetically expensive behaviors and activities to better understand how energy is allocated within individuals.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".