The Exocyst Protein Exo70, but not Sec6, is Recruited to <i>Listeria</i> Protrusions During Cell‐to‐Cell Spreading
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes bacteria kill ~25 % of people that they infect. This extends to a mortality rate of ~30% of infected unborn foetuses. Crucial to Listeria's infections are it's ability to move from one cell to its neighboring cells in order to infect entire organ systems while remaining undetectable to the immune system. It does this by hijacking the host cell's actin cytoskeleton, generating actin‐rich structures called comet tails and interacting with the host cell's plasma membrane forming bacterial protrusions referred to as listeriopods to push into their adjacent cells. The exocyst complex of proteins is used by cells to exocytose vesicles. This protein complex utilizes the proteins Exo70, Sec6 as well as six others to accomplish this task. Exo70 is a multifunctional protein that can engage with the actin cytoskeleton to promote branched actin filament formation through interactions with the Arp2/3 complex. To examine whether exocyst components are involved in the cell‐to‐cell spreading of Listeria we examined Exo70 and Sec6 localization. GFP‐Exo70 accumulated at the tip and along the length of growing listeriopods during live cell microscopy, while Sec6, was not found at elevated levels at the Listeria protrusions. This work suggests that Exo70 is independent of the exocyst complex and is recruited to listeriopods. Support or Funding Information Funding provided through NSERC. (Grant No. 355316 to J. A. G.) This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal .
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".