Oxidative stress in the respiratory response to intermittent hypoxia in athletes and sleep apnea patients: similar mechanisms but opposite outcomes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) observed in response to intermittent hypoxia may either trigger adaptive physiological processes or play a role in mechanisms leading pathological situation such as respiratory disturbance. In a series of articles, we report that this ROS increase is likely involved in beneficial or detrimental adaptations depending to the intensity of the hypoxic stimulus and on the health state of the subject. In this context, oxidative stress appears to play a role in the signalling process that controls the hypoxia inducible factor 1 (HIF‐1). Although ROS is needed for stabilization of HIF‐1α, we demonstrated in humans submitted to moderate hypoxia, that ROS may also be involved in the increase of HIF‐1α transcription. Then, we observed in athletes that the ventilatory acclimatization to hypoxia after intermittent altitude training was improved by elevated oxidative stress through a stimulation of HIF‐1α pathway. Conversely, by exposing healthy subjects to chronic intermittent hypoxia simulating obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA), we reported that oxidative stress increased hypoxic ventilatory responses to hypoxia. This increase could promote unstable breathing and thereby might perpetuate OSA as it was previously suggested. Founded by International Olympic Committee, Alberta Heritage Foundation for Medical Research and Canadian Institutes of Health Research
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".