Biofilm Derived Legionella pneumophila Evades the Innate Immune Response in Macrophages
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Legionella pneumophila, a causative agent of Legionnaire's disease, replicates in human alveolar macrophages and establish infection in humans. There is no human to human transmission and the main source of infection is L. pneumophila biofilms established in air conditioners and water fountains. Biofilm structure provides protection for the organism from disinfectants and antibacterial agents. L. pneumophila infection in humans is characterized by subtle initial immune response giving time for the organism to establish infection before the patient succumbs to pneumonia. Planktonic L. pneumophila elicits a strong immune response in murine but not in human macrophages. The objective of this study is to elucidate the interface between biofilm‐derived L. pneumophila and macrophages. Using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and Western blotting, we demonstrate that in contrast to planktonic bacteria, biofilm‐derived L. pneumophila differentially manipulate the innate immune response and the killing mechanisms employed by murine macrophages, thus establishing successful infection. This study advances our understanding to the innate immune response to biofilm‐derived L. pneumophila and closely reproduces the natural mode of infection in human. Studies is Dr. Amal Amer's laboratory are supported by grant R01HL094586
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".