Polyaminoacids in Biomimetic Collagen Mineralization: Roles of Isomerization and Disorder in Polyaspartic and Polyglutamic Acids
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The extracellular matrix of hard connective tissues is composed primarily of mineralized collagen fibrils. Acidic noncollagenous proteins play important roles in mediating mineralization of collagen. Polyaspartate, a homopolymer substitute for such proteins, has been used extensively in in vitro models to produce biomimetic mineralized collagen. Polyglutamate behaves differently in mineralization models, despite its chemical similarity. We show that polyaspartate is a 350 times more effective inhibitor of solution precipitation of hydroxyapatite than polyglutamate. Supersaturated CaP solutions stabilized with polyaspartic acid produce collagen with aligned intrafibrillar mineral, while solutions containing polyglutamate lead to the formation of unaligned mineral clusters on the fibril surface. Molecular analysis showed that the commercial polyaspartic acid contains substantial isomerization, unlike polyglutamic acid. Hence, the secondary structure of polyaspartic acid is more disordered than that of polyglutamic acid. The increased flexibility of the polyaspartic acid chain may explain its potency as an inhibitor of solution crystallization and a mediator of intrafibrillar collagen mineralization.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".