Endothelial progenitor cells in pulmonary arterial hypertension
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objective Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a vascular disease characterized by distal pulmonary arteries remodeling, caused by an increase in pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMC) proliferation and apoptosis resistant. The activation of transcription factors HIF‐1α and NFAT maintain this phenotype. Studies have shown implications of endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) in angiogenesis by their capacity to infiltrate the vascular wall and to secrete vasoactive factors. Hypothesis: EPC are at the origin of the activation of HIF‐1 α and NFAT thus vascular remodeling in PAH. Methods/Results EPC were isolated by FACS (CD34 + CD45 dim ) from the buffy coat of 6 patients (3 ctrl; 3 PAH). The EPC were placed in a Boyden chamber on top of healthy human PASMC. EPC secretion factors are able to diffuse freely and interact with the healthy PASMC since a 0.4 μm membrane separates them. After 48 hours, we observed by fluorescence an increased proliferation (Ki67, p<0.05; FLUO3‐AM, p<0.05) and apoptosis‐resistance (TUNEL, p<0.05; TMRM, p<0.05; MitoSOX, p<0.05) of PAH‐EPC compared to ctrl‐EPC stimulated PASMC. The activation of HIF‐1α (p<0.05) and NFAT (p<0.05) collaborate the phenotype. These observations are reinforced by in vivo results showing a resistance to monocrotaline pyrrole‐induced PAH in CD34 KO mice. Conclusion We show that EPC are implicated in the etiology of PAH by their secretion factors that render the PAH phenotype in healthy PASMC.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".