Distinct role of bilobalide and ginkgolide A in the modulation of rat CYP2B1 and CYP3A23 gene expression by Ginkgo biloba extract in cultured hepatocytes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In the present study, primary cultures of rat hepatocytes were treated for 48 h with one of several extracts of Ginkgo biloba (10, 100, or 1000 μg/ml). Maximal increase in CYP2B1 and CYP3A23 mRNA levels was obtained at 100 μg/ml, which also elevated CYP3A2 and CYP3A18 mRNA expression in addition to CYP2B‐mediated 7‐benzyloxyresorufin O ‐dealkylation (BROD) and CYP3A‐mediated testosterone 6β‐hydroxylation. In other experiments, cultured hepatocytes were treated for 48 h with bilobalide, ginkgolide A, ginkgolide B, ginkgolide C, ginkgolide J, kaempferol, quercetin, isorhamnetin, or a flavonol diglycoside at a concentration that represented the level present in an 100 μg/ml concentration of an extract. Only bilobalide (2.8 μg/ml) increased CYP2B1 mRNA expression and the fold‐increase (7.9 ± 0.5; mean ± S.E.M.) was similar to that (8.3 ± 1.7) by the extract. By comparison, only ginkgolide A (1.1 μg/ml) increased CYP3A23 mRNA expression, but the extent (2.6 ± 0.5 fold) was less than the 5.3 ± 1.7 fold‐increase by the extract. A greater concentration (5 μg/ml) of ginkgolide A was required to elevate CYP3A2 and CYP3A18 mRNA expression. Over the range of 1–5 μg/ml, bilobalide increased CYP2B1 mRNA and BROD, but not CYP3A23 mRNA or testosterone 6β‐hydroxylation, whereas ginkgolide A increased CYP3A23 mRNA and testosterone 6β‐hydroxylation, but not CYP2B1 mRNA or BROD. Overall, our novel results indicate a distinct role of bilobalide and ginkgolide A in the modulation of CYP2B1 and CYP3A23 expression by Ginkgo biloba extract in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".