Four week supplementation with mixed fruit and vegetable concentrates elevated protective serum antioxidants and folate and decreased plasma homocysteine
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The consumption of fruits and vegetables has been shown to be inversely correlated with the incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer. We investigated the effect of supplementation with dehydrated juice concentrates from mixed fruits and vegetables (JuicePlus+®) on selected serum antioxidants, folate, homocysteine and oxidative stress measures. Japanese subjects (m=39; f=21; mean age = 27.8 yrs.) including 35 smokers, participated in a randomized double‐blind placebo controlled 28 day study. Subjects took either capsules containing juice powders (3g daily) or matching placebo capsules. Blood samples were taken at baseline, 2 and 4 weeks. Compared with the placebo, 4 week supplementation increased the concentration of serum beta‐carotene 528% (p<0.0001), lycopene 80.2% (p<0.0005), alpha tocopherol 39.5% (p<0.0001). Serum folate increased 174.3% (p<0.0001) and correlated with a decrease in plasma homocysteine of −19.9% (p<0.03). Compared with baseline, measures of oxidative stress decreased; serum lipid peroxides −10.5% (p<0.02) and urine 8OHdG −21.1% (p<0.02). Supplementation with fruit and vegetable concentrates proved to be a highly bioavailable source of phytonutrients, which elevated important antioxidants to levels associated with decreased risk of CVD and cancer while reducing markers of oxidative stress, and improved folate status with concomitant decrease in homocysteine – a risk factor for CVD. (Support provided by NSA Inc., Memphis, TN.)
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".