The Impact of Aerobic Exercise Training on Autonomic Function in Adolescent Sport‐Related Concussion
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction Impairments in autonomic function such as increased heart rate (HR) and reduced heart rate variability (HRV), have been observed in patients diagnosed with concussion. This may be indicative of cardiovascular and autonomic uncoupling. Aerobic exercise can help improve cardiac autonomic balance, and increase HRV. Accordingly, controlled aerobic exercise may help restore autonomic balance in adolescents diagnosed with a concussion. Objective To test the hypothesis that aerobic exercise rehabilitation can help restore autonomic functioning in adolescents diagnosed with a concussion. Methods Participants with a confirmed concussion diagnosis were recruited for this study. Participants were randomly allocated into one of two conditions, 1) Exercise (n=7, 14.2±1.7 years, 22.8±5.2 BMI) and; 2) Usual care (n=8, 14.6±1.6 years, 23.4±6.3 BMI). At baseline testing, each participant completed a five‐minute resting supine trial to record measures of the HRV signal. Following, participants performed a 10‐minute exertion test on a treadmill to symptom exacerbation, similar to previous work. The exercise group completed three additional days of monitored aerobic exercise at 80% HR of their symptom exacerbation. All exercise training was completed on a cycle ergometer within one‐week of baseline. The usual care group did not perform any exercise for one‐week. Follow‐up testing occurred one‐week post baseline. Main outcome measures for supine HRV were, root mean square of successive NN interval differences (RMSSD), standard deviation of successive NN interval differences (SDNN), total power, high frequency power, and low frequency power. HRV measures are reported as mean±standard deviation. The relative percent change between baseline and follow‐up were calculated for each outcome measure, and an independent samples t‐test was used to measure differences between conditions. Results Compared to study entry baseline levels, there was a significant main effect for exercise group RMSSD increased from baseline (44±21 ms) to follow‐up (50±22 ms) (p < 0.05, d = 1.3). However, RMSSD decreased for the usual care group from baseline (87±34 ms) to follow‐up (70±39). Similarly, was a statistically significant difference in SDNN scores (p < 0.05, d = 1.2) between conditions. SDNN increased in the exercise group from baseline (52.4±20.0 ms) to follow‐up (58.2±16.6 ms), and decreased in the usual care condition from baseline (80.5±22.3 ms) to follow‐up (67±24.7 ms) (p < 0.05, d = 1.2). There were no statistically significant differences for any frequency domain measures. Conclusion Our findings suggest monitored aerobic exercise training at 80% HR of symptom exacerbation may help restore autonomic imbalances associated with concussion injury in adolescents. Support or Funding Information Children's Health Research Institute This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal .
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".