ARC Knockout Does Not Alter Apoptotic Enzyme Activities in Skeletal Muscle in Response to Angiotensin II Exposure
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Although apoptotic signalling does not cause complete skeletal muscle fiber elimination, apoptotic protease activation contributes to contractile protein degradation. The anti‐apoptotic protein apoptosis repressor with caspase recruitment domain (ARC) inhibits both intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways. Interestingly, although ARC expression levels are relatively high in mature skeletal muscle, its importance in mediating apoptotic signalling is underexplored. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine if ARC knockout (KO) would alter apoptotic enzyme activities in response to angiotensin II (AngII) exposure. Wild‐type (WT) and ARC KO mice were implanted with a subcutaneous placebo or AngII‐releasing pellet. No differences in caspase‐3, ‐8, or ‐9 activity were detected between groups in red gastrocnemius; however, a trend (p=0.07) towards an interaction effect was observed for calpain activity. In white gastrocnemius, there was a significant increase in caspase‐3 activity with AngII treatment; however, no differences were seen between genotypes. Although a trend (p=0.06) towards decreased caspase‐8 activity with AngII treatment was observed, no significant differences were detected. A significant decrease in caspase‐9 activity with AngII treatment was also observed. Finally, an interaction effect was detected for calpain activity. In conclusion, apoptotic enzyme activities are not increased in ARC KO compared to WT mice in response to AngII exposure. This may be due to adaptations occurring during development which may counteract the absence of ARC.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".