Stochastic high‐speed rotation of <i>Escherichia coli</i> ATP synthase F <sub>1</sub> sector: the ε subunit‐sensitive rotation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The γ subunit of the ATP synthase F 1 sector rotates at the center of the α 3 β 3 hexamer during ATP hydrolysis. A gold bead (40 ~ 200 nm diameter) was attached to the γ subunit of E. coli F 1 , and then its ATP hydrolysis‐dependent rotation was studied. The rotation speeds were variable, showing stochastic fluctuation. The high‐speed rates of 40 nm and 60 nm beads were essentially similar: 721 and 671 rps (revolutions/second), respectively. The average rate of 60 nm beads was 381 rps, which is ~ 13‐fold faster than that expected from the steady‐state ATPase turnover number. These results indicate that the F 1 sector rotates much faster than expected from bulk ATPase activity, and that ~ 10 % of F 1 molecules are active on the m sec time scale. Furthermore, the real ATP turnover number (number of ATP molecules converted to ADP and phosphate per sec), as a single molecule, is variable during a short period. The ε subunit inhibited rotation and ATPase whereas ε fused through its carboxyl‐terminus to cytochrome b 562 showed no effect. The ε significantly increased the pausing time during the rotation. Stochastic fluctuation of the catalysis may be a general property of an enzymes, although its understanding requires combining studies of steady‐state kinetics and single molecule observation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".