Effects of double‐fortified salt on perceptual and cognitive performance in women
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Iron deficiency (ID) affects numerous women worldwide yet the functional effects of ID in women of reproductive age are underexplored. We measured cognitive effects of iron supplementation in women who participated in a RCT assessing the efficacy of double-fortified salt (DFS) on improving iron status in West Bengal, India. Subjects (n=217, 19–55 y) were randomly assigned to iodized salt (C) or iodized salt fortified with iron (DFS) for 10 months. A subsample of the subjects (n=132) underwent testing of perceptual and cognitive functioning at baseline and endpoint using 6 measures: simple reaction time, contrast and temporal detection, attentional control (attentional network task and composite face effect), and recognition memory performance (cued recall task). Baseline scores did not differ between the groups on any measure. For perception, time x treatment effects were seen for speed and efficiency; those in the DFS group showed reliable improvements in sensitivity. For attention, these same effects were seen for efficiency of involuntary and voluntary attentional processing; those in the DFS group showed significant reductions in mean reaction times from baseline to endpoint. For memory, the DFS group experienced significant increases in retrieval accuracy and reductions in retrieval speed. We conclude that DFS significantly improved women's perceptual and cognitive performance. Supported by the Mathile Institute for the Advancement of Human Nutrition and the Micronutrient Initiative.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".