Vitamin D status in an ethnically diverse population of young Canadian adults
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency, defined as serum 25(OH)D <27.5 nmol/L, has been linked to risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Vitamin D can be synthesized in the skin after exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Individuals in latitudes with seasonal shortages of exposure to UV radiation are at higher risk of vitamin D deficiency, especially certain ethnic groups. The objective was to determine vitamin D status in an ethnically diverse population (n=1027) of young Canadian adults aged 20–29 years. We found overall differences in deficiency prevalence among different ethnic groups, with 44% of South Asians being deficient, compared to 6% of Caucasians and 16% of East Asians. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency varied by season. In winter, deficiency ranged from 12% in Caucasians, to 25% in East Asians and 51% in South Asians. In spring, deficiency was 1% in Caucasians, 4% in East Asians and 26% in South Asians. In summer, deficiency was 1% in Caucasians, 10% in East Asians and 50% in South Asians. In fall, deficiency was 9% in Caucasians, 35% in East Asians and 55% in South Asians. We have shown that vitamin D deficiency is common in young Canadian adults, particularly in South Asians. This deficiency may partly explain the high incidence of T2D and CVD in this group later in life. Research Support from the Public Health Agency of Canada and the Advanced Foods and Materials Network. Grant Funding Source : Public Health Agency of Canada, Advanced Foods and Materials Network
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".