Critical requirement for 4‐1BBL for protection from severe but not mild respiratory Influenza A infection in mice
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In view of intensifying concerns about pandemic Influenza virus, there is considerable interest in the mechanisms that control respiratory Influenza virus infection. Here we sought to determine the importance of 4‐1BBL‐mediated costimulation during mild versus severe respiratory Influenza virus infection in mice. During infection with the mildly virulent Influenza A/HKx31 virus, regardless of route of infection or epitope studied, 4‐1BBL is completely dispensable for the primary CD8 T cell response. However, 4‐1BBL is required for maximal recall responses, previously attributed to a requirement for 4‐1BBL in the maintenance of T cell memory. In contrast, during primary intranasal infection with Influenza A/PR8, which leads to severe respiratory disease in mice, the absence of 4‐1BBL results in decreased CD8 T cell responses in the lung, increased viral load and increased mortality. Thus 4‐1BBL plays a key role in protective immunity in the respiratory tract during severe Influenza disease. These results show that costimulation requirements are greater during severe as compared to mild respiratory Influenza virus infection.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".