Lysosomal ATP transport mechanism and its significance
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Lysosomes contain abundant ATP, which is released through lysosomal exocytosis following exposure to various stimuli. However, molecular mechanisms underlying lysosomal ATP accumulation and its physiological significance remain unknown. In this study, we report that SLC17A9 (also called VNUT) is highly enriched in lysosomes and functions as an ATP transporter in those organelles. SLC17A9 deficiency reduced lysosome ATP accumulation and compromised lysosome function, resulting in cell death. Interestingly, Cathepsin D, a lysosomal aspartyl protease, is inhibited by SLC17A9 deficiency. Heterologous expression of Cathepsin D successfully rescues lysosome dysfunction and cell death induced by SLC17A9 deficiency. We also show that P2X4 proteins are highly expressed in lysosomes of mammalian cells. By directly recording membrane currents from enlarged lysosomal vacuoles, we demonstrate that lysosomal P2X4 proteins form channels activated by ATP from the luminal side in a pH dependent manner. While the acidic pH at the luminal side inhibits P2X4 activity, increasing the luminal pH in the presence of ATP causes P2X4 activation. Our data suggests that SLC17A9 transports ATP into lysosomes to regulate Cathepsin D and P2X4 activity, playing an important role in lysosomal physiology and cell viability.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".