Skeletal muscle regulatory volume response to recovery period affected by extracellular osmolarity change
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Mammalian skeletal muscle cells exhibit an initial volume reduction, followed by a regulatory volume increase (RVI) back to baseline status in response to increased extracellular osmolarity. However, the muscle cells may not always reach complete recovery back to starting volume. In the present study, the response of muscle fibres to increased extracellular osmolarity via sucrose, NaCl, and NaLac treatment were investigated to observe RVI. Additionally, a recovery stage was examined to assess fibre response after RVI occurrence, during a period where extracellular osmolarity was replaced with an isosmotic environment. Adult mouse peroneous muscle fibre width measurements were obtained every 5–10 seconds for 30min in response to increased extracellular osmolarity via sucrose, NaCl or NaLactate treatment. Immediately after this period, solution was 3x-rinsed and replaced with plating media. New baseline images were obtained and image collection repeated for 30 minutes. The muscle fibres in the isosmotic environment continued to exhibit an increase in volume throughout the 30min recovery period. Also, the magnitude of peak volume decrease in the preceding treatment period did not negatively impact the degree of recovery. Results suggest that skeletal muscle cells possess an active mechanism to regain volume back towards baseline status irrespective of compensatory changes in extracellular osmolarity. Supported by NSERC of Canada
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".