Friend or Family? Social Recognition and Physiological Stress in the Self‐Fertilizing Mangrove Rivulus Fish ( <i>Kryptolebias marmoratus</i> )
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Social behavior has the capacity to influence how animals respond to environmental stress. Living in social groups may be beneficial to animals as it can reduce predation risk and provide foraging benefits. Advantages may be further enhanced if animals associate with related individuals (kin), with individuals of the same phenotype and/or with familiar conspecifics, regardless of relatedness. On the other hand, grouping may incur costs if there is competition for resources or increased aggression. Given the potential influence of sociality on physiological responses to stress, it is important to understand an animal's social behavior and if certain social interactions result in physiological stress. The mangrove rivulus is a tropical, self‐fertilizing fish that forms isogenic lineages, providing a model fish with a natural and extreme form of kin. Using distinct strains of rivulus originating from Belize and Honduras, we predicted that rivulus would use both relatedness and familiarity as cues to recognize conspecifics. We used a choice chamber and in two separate experiments, gave focal fish of each strain the choice between related or familiar stimulus fish. We took water samples to determine cortisol concentrations, as we predicted that association with non‐kin and/or unfamiliar fish would be stressful and result in increases is the stress hormone. We found no significant differences in the proportion of time either lineage spent with familiar or related conspecifics. We further analysed association time for aggressive behaviour as we predicted that rivulus would be less aggressive to both familiar and related conspecifics. Interestingly, we determined that the Belize lineage is not aggressive towards related or unrelated individuals whereas the Honduran lineage is aggressive to unrelated conspecifics only. Collectively, our data suggest that rivulus detect conspecifics using both familiarity and relatedness; kin discrimination is not universal and appears to have a genetic basis. My further analyses will determine whether or not association with non‐kin and/or unfamiliar individuals is physiologically stressful. Support or Funding Information Research supported by APS UGSRF and Mount Allison University. Cortisol analysis is in collaboration with Dr. Ryan Earley, University of Alabama. Research supervised by Dr. Suzie Currie. This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal .
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".