Porcine milk fat globule membrane proteins that bind to F4ac fimbria of Escherichia coli
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Post‐weaning colibacillosis in pigs is caused by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) which is often controlled by antibiotic feed supplements with potential risk of generation of antibiotic resistant bacteria. Prevention of attachment of F4ac+ ETEC to intestinal mucosa may potentially be used as one of antibiotic‐free strategies for the control of this disease. F4ac+ ETEC has been reported to bind to fat globule membrane in porcine milk. In this study, we used two different methods to identify individual milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) proteins that interact with F4ac fimbria. First, two‐dimensional SDS‐PAGE overlay Western Blot was used to demonstrate the interaction between F4ac and several MFGM proteins: namely, lactadherin, butyrophilin, adipophilin, acyl‐CoA synthetase 3, and fatty acid binding protein 3. Subsequently, affinity chromatography was designed to isolate the following F4ac‐binding proteins from the porcine MFGM: lactadherin, butyrophilin, adipophilin, acyl‐CoA synthetase 3, fatty acid binding protein 3, and xanthine dehydrogenase. Selected individual proteins and their subunits (e.g. carbohydrates) are being tested for their inhibitory effects against attachment of ETEC to porcine enterocytes. This project was supported by the Saskatchewan Agriculture Development Fund, WCVM Canadian Vitamins Class Action Settlement Fund.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".