Stroke related alterations in the modulation of cerebrovascular pressure dependent constriction (PDC) by nitric oxide synthases (NOS) in stroke prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRsp)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We studied the modulation of PDC by NOS in middle cerebral arteries (MCAs) of SHRsp in relation to hemorrhagic stroke (HS) using a pressure myograph. Confocal microscopy indicated endothelial and neuronal NOS (eNOS, nNOS) in the endotheliumn, nNOS and inducible NOS (iNOS) in the smooth muscle and nNOS in the adventitia of MCAs. In MCAs from prestroke SHRsp, endothelial removal, or the nonspecific NOS inhibitor N ω ‐nitro‐L‐arginine methyl ester (LNAME,100µM) shifted PDC to a 100 mmHg pressure step to constricted levels. Endothelial removal did not alter PDC in the presence of LNAME. In de‐endothelialized MCAs, the selective nNOS inhibitor AAAN (10μM, n‐[(4S)‐4‐amino‐5‐[(2‐aminoetheyl)amino]pentyl]‐N‐nitroguanidine) also shifted PDC to more constricted levels. The effects of AAAN could be duplicated but not amplified by LNAME or the NO scavenger hydroxocobalamine (200μM). The iNOS inhibitor 1400W (1.13μM) did not alter tone or PDC. We believe NO generated by endothelial eNOS (and perhaps nNOS) and nonendothelial nNOS (but not iNOS) shifts the operating range of PDC to more dilated diameters in MCAs from prestroke SHRsp. After HS, MCAs from SHRsp could not elicit PDC and were unreactive to LNAME. Reactivity to the NO donor Na‐nitroprusside was unaltered. The MCAs exhibited the presence of eNOS and nNOS, however the latter enzymes appeared to lack the ability to generate NO.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".