Bibliographic record
Abstract
Early in the fall of 2019, I had my first cognizant encounter with Parkesia noveboracensis, or the Northern Waterthrush. 1 A common sighting of the dark-brown-above and pale-yellow-below warbler is "along edges of still ponds" in search of insects. 2 My encounter allowed me to see in fine detail the bird's banana-yellow line just over his eye, his beautiful brown streaks against his pale breast, and his shiny brown bill.Instead of watching him enjoy a series of hors d'oeuvres, "constantly bobbing [his] backside up and down" at a reflective water's base, 3 however, I found him at the base of a building, motionless and silent.Only several feet beyond the cobblestoned spot on which the warbler laid was a large glass wall bearing the reflection of not only myself but the extensive wooded area behind me.A closer inspection of the glass revealed a small patch of pale yellow feathers that my warbler friend involuntarily left behind.Upon death, he joined the 2.9 billion birds that the United States and Canada have lost since 1970.4 On behalf of this bird and billions of others like it, * JD Candidate, William & Mary Law School, 2021.I applaud the William & Mary Environmental Law and Policy Review staff for their stalwart commitment to Volume 45 amidst the COVID-19 pandemic.On top of the encouragement I received from faculty at William & Mary Law School, I also want to acknowledge and thank the Williamsburg Bird Club for taking me under their wings the past few years.Special thanks as well to Daniel Klem and Dan Lory for their unbridled support and guidance.As a young boy, I spent most summer days in my grandfather's backyard, where he and I would often whistle back-and-forth with the songbirds.My father's enthusiasm for birds was likewise infectious as he pointed out to me bald eagles while commuting across Lake Washington.As luck would have it, my father-in-law is a passionate photographer in nature and wildlife.Birding aside, I am forever grateful for the loving support from each member of my family.A shout out to Riley: my best friend, lifelong mentor, and brother.Above all, I express my love and appreciation for my dear wife, Jennette, who sings the most inspiring and beautiful song.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.009 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.008 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.006 | 0.005 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.006 |
| Research integrity | 0.023 | 0.017 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.063 | 0.038 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".