Multi‐vitamin supplementation during pregnancy alters <i>in utero</i> development of CD‐1 mice offspring
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The effects of multi‐vitamin supplementation during pregnancy in CD‐1 mice on body weight, glucose regulation and the expression of appetite‐regulatory genes in the hypothalamus of the offspring were investigated. Pregnant dams were fed the AIN‐93G diet containing the recommended (1V), 2.5‐fold (2.5V) or 5‐fold (5V) the vitamin content during gestation. Offspring were weaned to a high‐fat obesogenic diet, and sacrificed at weaning or at 13 wk post‐weaning. No difference in birth weight or litter size was observed. Body weight (BW) and body fat were similar among groups at 13 wk post‐weaning. The 5V compared with the 1V gestational diet led to greater glucose disposal and insulin sensitivity, and bone mineral content relative to BW in offspring at 10 wk post‐weaning. It also resulted in lower expression of the leptin receptor (LepR), agouti related‐peptide (AgRP), and neuropeptide Y (NPY), but not pro‐opiomelanocortin (POMC), in both male and female pups at weaning. At 13 wk post‐weaning, LepR and NPY in males, AgRP in females, and POMC in males and females were lower. The 2.5V gestational diet reduced expression of LepR in both sexes and POMC in females. Cocaine‐and‐amphetamine‐regulated transcript (CART) expression was unaffected by the gestational diets. In utero development of regulatory processes are affected by modest increases in the vitamin content of the mouse diet during gestation. Grant Funding Source : Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) ‐ Institute of Nutrition, Metabolism and Diabetes (INMD), OOP# 77980
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".