Separating genetic and hemodynamic defects in neuropilin 1
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Formation of the cardiovascular system is crucial for embryo growth and survival and the importance of proper blood flow even during these early stages is becoming increasingly clear. In recent years, there has been a debate regarding which aspects of early vascular formation are genetically predetermined, and which are governed by external stimuli, such as mechanical and biochemical signaling. Though the initial vascular network is patterned without knowledge of the functional requirements, it makes biological sense that a feedback mechanism with respect to physiological function would set in as soon as this information becomes available. We recently showed that physical forces created by blood flow are necessary for proper vascular development and remodeling. In this study, we show how to distinguish between genetic defects and biomechanical defects during vascular development. Using mouse embryo culture, we study hemodynamic defects in Nrp1 −/− mice together with an analysis of the emerging vascular defects. The geometry of yolk sac blood vessels is altered and remodeling into yolk sac arteries and veins does not occur. To separate flow‐induced deficiencies from those caused by the nrp‐1 mutation, we arrested blood flow in cultured wild‐type and mutant embryos and followed their vascular development. This method allows genetic defects caused by loss‐of‐function of a gene important for cardiovascular development to be isolated even in the presence of hemodynamic defects. Grant Funding Source NSERC
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".