Temporal Effect of Hydrocortisone Treatment on Conjunctival Papillae in the Chicken Eye
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Intramembranous ossification is still poorly understood. Chicken embryos ( Gallus gallus ) have served as excellent models for investigating bone development. Scleral ossicles are a series of 13–15 bones that overlap to constitute a single sclerotic ring of bone. They have no articulation with the skull and are positioned in the corneal‐scleral limbus of the eye. The scleral ossicles are ideal elements in which to investigate the developmental processes underlying intramembranous ossification, as they are easily accessible for embryonic manipulations. Each ossicle is induced by corresponding regions of thickened epithelia called conjunctival papillae. The cells below the papillae ultimately differentiate into osteoblasts and deposit bone matrix. Research in the past decade has examined various factors that affect ossicle development, such as bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) and hedgehog (HH) signalling pathways, hydrocortisone treatment, vasculature, and vascular endothelial‐derived growth factor (VEGF) expression. The objective of this research is to further elucidate the mechanism by which hydrocortisone affects the development of scleral papillae. Here we explore the precise timing of hydrocortisone injections that is sufficient to inhibit the formation of all scleral papillae. Our previous research showed that delivering hydrocortisone injections at HH29 and HH30 produced the most significant effects on scleral condensation morphology and number. By adjusting the injection time points by an hour in each experiment, we determined the ideal window when hydrocortisone injections are sufficient to completely disrupt all papillae in 100 % of the injected embryos. For example, delivering the injections 18 hours apart results in the prevention of 12/13 conjunctival papillae in 100% of the embryos (n=4). This result indicates signalling mechanisms responsible for inducing conjunctival papillae are likely active almost a full day prior to the first papilla becoming morphologically visible at HH29. This study has implications for future research towards elucidating the genetic mechanisms underlying conjunctival papillae development. Support or Funding Information This research was funded by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal .
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".