Creatine synthesis in piglets
Bibliographic record
Abstract
It has recently been shown that genetic defects in proteins involved in creatine synthesis or transport are associated with neurological problems in children; these include mental retardation, epilepsy and speech delay, implying an important role for creatine in brain development, although it is not known whether the role is different from the classic function of creatine and creatine phosphate in energy metabolism. The objective of this study was to determine the extent to which milk creatine could account for creatine accretion in the neonatal pig. Sow milk at peak lactation (day 18) contains about 800 μM creatine and no detectable guanidinoacetate (GAA), creatine’s immediate biosynthetic precursor. Arterial plasma creatine and GAA concentrations in lactating sows were 288 ± 112 μM and 2.4 ± 0.7 μM, respectively. No detectable arterial‐venous difference for creatine across the mammary glands of lactating sows was found. In the first 10 days of life, the neonatal pig acquires, from milk, about 320 μmoles of creatine/day/100 g weight gain. It is likely that milk is a minor source of creatine compared to de novo synthesis by the neonatal pig. This finding is consistent with that of human infants with genetic defects in creatine synthesis. Data will also be presented on the accretion of creatine in piglets over the first 10 days of life. (Supported by CIHR and NSERC).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".