Axial involvement in psoriatic arthritis: An update for rheumatologists
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a heterogenous, chronic, inflammatory musculoskeletal disease that can lead to peripheral and axial damage and loss of function. Axial involvement occurs in 25% to 70% of patients with PsA, varying greatly depending on its definition, with the key manifestations being sacroiliitis and/or spondylitis. However, there are no agreed-upon classification or diagnostic criteria for axial involvement in PsA and no consensus on treatment paradigms, which complicates management of PsA. There have only been a few studies assessing biologics in patients with PsA with axial involvement, and most treatment plans are based on evidence from patients with axial spondyloarthritis. Rheumatologists therefore face many challenges in the management of axial PsA, including diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and choice of appropriate treatment. In this review, we summarize the clinical presentation, imaging characteristics, differential diagnoses, treatment options, and prognosis of axial PsA, with the aim of increasing rheumatologists' knowledge of this phenotype of PsA and thereby aiding its optimal management.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".