Partial silencing of medullary serotonin (5HT) vesicular neurotransmission inhibits respiratory long term facilitation (LTF) but does not prevent apneas in mice
Bibliographic record
Abstract
LTF, a sustained increase in ventilation (VE) after repeated exposure to intermittent hypoxia, is 5HT dependent and is thought to prevent apneas. The sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is associated with 5HT deficiency and some SIDS infants had increased and prolonged apneas prior to death. In this study we used the Pet1:flpe ‘silenced’ mouse to test the hypothesis that partial inhibition of 5HT secretion inhibits LTF and leads to increased apneas in early postnatal life. In these mice, the dual activity of Cre and Flpe recombinase activates expression of tetanus toxin light chain in 5HT neurons, which cleaves the VAMP2 protein that anchors synaptic vesicles to the synaptic membrane, thereby inhibiting synaptic vesicular secretion in these neurons. In ‘silenced’ and control pups at postnatal days (P) 5, 8 and 12, we measured VE before, during and after intermittent hypoxia and apnea frequency in the pre‐ and post‐hypoxic periods. VE was normal in ‘silenced’ pups at baseline, but was 10% greater than controls during hypoxia. During the post‐hypoxic period, control pups at P5 and P8 had a 16% and 26% increase in VE normalized to metabolic rate (VE/VO2) respectively, indicative of LTF but VE/VO2 was unchanged in ‘silenced’ pups. The apnea frequency did not change in either genotype during the post‐hypoxic period, despite LTF in control pups. We conclude that in early postnatal life LTF requires 5HT but does not prevent apneas.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".