Insulin‐Independent Mechanisms of Action of Pre‐Meal Consumption of Whey Protein on Post‐meal Glycemic Response in Healthy Adults
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Whey protein (WP) when consumed prior to a meal reduces post‐meal glycemic response (Akhavan et al, AJCN, 2010). The objective of the study was to identify insulin‐independent mechanisms of action. Healthy men received, in a randomized order, WP and glucose preloads (10 and 20 g/300 mL) and water control with paracetamol (1.5 g). At 30 min after consumption, the subjects were fed a preset pizza meal (12 kcal/ kg). Plasma concentrations of paracetamol, glucose and incretin hormones, involved in glycemic control, were measured at pre‐ (0–30) and post‐ (50–230 min) meal. Pre‐meal plasma paracetamol concentrations were reduced by WP, indicating delayed gastric emptying. Consumption of WP and glucose similarly reduced post‐meal plasma glucose but insulin was increased only after glucose preloads (p < 0.001). Associated with the lower post‐meal glycemic responses after WP were lower C‐peptide and higher GLP‐1, PYY and ghrelin (all p < 0.001), but similar amylin and GIP than after glucose preloads. These responses support the hypothesis the glycemic control after WP occurs in part by noninsulin dependent mechanisms. Thus, pre‐meal consumption of WP may be a novel strategy, comparable to pharmacological therapy e.g. sulphonylureas, for the prevention and treatment of hyperglycemia and type 2 diabetes. Grant Funding Source : Supported by Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada‐Collaborative Research and Development and Kraft Canada Inc
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".