Sexual dimorphism of vascular mechanics in rats
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to test the hypotheses that male and female rats would exhibit dimorphic mechanical properties of the hindlimb vasculature and that these differences would persist in hypertension. Vascular resistance (R), compliance (C), and tissue viscoelasticity (K) of the hindlimb vascular bed were quantified from concurrent femoral artery blood flow and pressure waveforms (lumped Windkessel model) in age‐matched Wistar‐Kyoto (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) male (n=10 each) and female (n=6 each). Female WKY rats displayed greater R (15.4±5.7 vs 7.7±3.3mmHg/mL/min; P<0.05) and K (3.4±2.4 vs 1.1±2.7mmHg/mL/min; P<0.05) with lower C (3.4E‐3±0.8E‐3 vs 4.9E‐3±0.9E‐3mL/mmHg/g; P<0.05) compared to males, respectively. Similarly, female SHRs had higher R (31.5±8.5 vs 17.6±7.8mmHg/mL/min; P<0.05) and K (7.3±2.5 vs 2.9±1.0mmHg/mL/min; P<0.05) with lower C (4.8E‐3±2.0E‐3 vs 6.8E‐3±3.5E‐3mL/mmHg/g; P<0.05) than their male counterparts. Main effects of strain and sex were observed for each of R, K and C variables (all P<0.05). Therefore, sex differences are apparent in the indices of steady state (R) and oscillatory (K and C) hindlimb vascular mechanics and these persist in hypertension. Supported by CIHR.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".