Otolaryngology Manifestations of Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia: A Multicenter Study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objective This project aims to prospectively and objectively assess otolaryngological manifestations and quality of life of children with primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) and compare these findings with healthy pediatric controls. Study Design Cross‐sectional. Setting Two high‐volume pediatric PCD specialty centers. Methods Standardized clinical assessment; Sino‐Nasal Outcome Test 22 (SNOT‐22); Hearing Environment and Reflection Quality of Life (HEAR‐QL); Reflux Symptom Index (RSI); standardized physical examination of the sinonasal, laryngeal, and otological systems; and investigations including pure‐tone audiograms (PTAs) and sinonasal cultures were collected. Results Forty‐seven children with PCD and 25 control participants were recruited. Children with PCD had more upper airway symptoms than healthy children. They had significantly higher scores in both SNOT‐22 and RSI, indicating worse sinonasal and reflux symptoms, with worse quality of life on the HEAR‐QL index compared to healthy children ( P <. 05). Fifty‐two percent of children with PCD‐related hearing loss were not aware of their hearing deficit that was present on audiological assessment, and only 23% of children who had ventilation tubes had chronic otorrhea, most of which was easily controlled with ototopic drops. Furthermore, although all children with PCD had chronic rhinosinusitis, only 36% of them were using topical nasal treatment. The most common bacteria cultured from the middle meatus were Staphylococcus aureus in 11 of 47 (23%), followed by Streptococcus pneumoniae in 10 of 47 (21%). Conclusion This multisite cohort highlights the importance of otolaryngology involvement in the management of children with PCD. More rigorous otolaryngological management may lead to reductions in overall morbidity and improve quality of life for children with PCD.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".