Chronology and stratigraphy of the Imlay Channel in Lapeer County, Michigan, USA
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Imlay Channel in Lapeer County, Michigan, was one of two outlets for the glacial Lake Maumee phase of ancestral Lake Erie. Fifteen new radiocarbon and optical ages from within and adjacent to the Imlay Channel constrain sedimentation rates within the channel and the timing of regional deglaciation. For nearly 50 years, the deglaciation of this region of Michigan has been based on a single age from the Weaver Drain site located near the Imlay Channel, and a new radiocarbon age of 16.7–17.0 cal ka BP from 3 km east of the Imlay Channel supports this long-standing deglacial age. On average, there is a 14 m thick sediment fill within the channel. Radiocarbon and optically stimulated luminescence ages reveal that much of the alluvial fill was deposited by 14.9 ka, and alluvial fans building into the channel stabilized in the early Holocene. Cross-sections along and perpendicular to the Imlay Channel, built from geotechnical borings and water-well records, reveal a current-day bedrock sill elevation at 235 m a.s.l. that would have permitted drainage of all stages of glacial Lake Maumee in the past.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".