Functional and morphological changes in the trout heart during thermal acclimation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Rainbow trout remain active in waters that seasonally change between 4ºC and 20ºC. We have previously shown that when male trout are thermally acclimated to the extremes of this temperature range two distinctive cardiac phenotypes emerge. Cardiac hypertrophy is observed in the cold acclimated fish with a concurrent increase in connective tissue and a decrease in the thickness of the compact myocardium, while the opposite occurs in warm acclimated trout. The opposing effects of cold and warm acclimation suggest that male trout can reversibly remodel the morphology and cellular composition of the heart, making the myocardium extremely plastic to changes in environmental temperature. In this study, we use a Langendorff preparation to measure how thermal acclimation and the subsequent cardiac remodeling affects the contractility of the trout heart. With this method we are able to measure maximum systolic and end diastolic pressure. We hypothesized that the increase in connective tissue in cold acclimated males would cause stiffening of the ventricle. Interestingly, preliminary data indicates that the cold acclimated male heart is more compliant then the warm acclimated male heart. This suggests that the remodeling of the myocardial layers has a greater impact on the compliance of the trout heart then connective tissue changes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".