<i>Giardia duodenalis</i> : A model of pathogen‐mediated disruptions in the human microbiota in leading to the development of chronic gastrointestinal disease
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Giardia duodenalis is a key pathogen causing post‐infectious Irritable Bowel Syndrome (PI‐IBS) symptoms. Underlying mechanisms are unknown, but disruptions in species distribution of the intestinal microbiota in IBS patients have been reported. The intestinal microflora exists in biofilm communities, and the effects of enteropathogens on this phenotype, in the context of PI‐IBS, remain obscure. Aim To study effects of Giardia on the structure, species, and pathogenic profile of microflora biofilms. Methods Representative intestinal mucosal biofilms were cultured from human colonic mucosal biospy samples. Results Giardia enhances the presence of Clostridiales spp. in microflora biofilms. Giardia promotes planktonic growth in microflora biofilms by disrupting normal polysaccharide production. Giardia ‐exposed biofilms induce higher levels of enterocyte apoptosis than ones incubated with control biofilms. Conclusion Giardia exposed biofilms exhibit altered structure and species composition in human microflora biofilms, and promote enterocyte apoptosis, highlighting detrimental effects of a pathogen‐modified microflora in the bowel. Supported by NSERC
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".