Analysis of Anthocyanins in Tissues of Pigs Fed Blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Pharmacokinetic parameters of dietary anthocyanins following consumption of berries have been determined in humans, rats and pigs, showing rapid uptake and excretion of intact anthocyanin glycosides and phase II metabolites. Study of in vivo effects may therefore necessitate study of both parent glycosides and metabolites. Mechanistic details of anthocyanin uptake, absorption, and tissue distribution are still not fully elucidated due partly to difficulty in extracting and measuring them from tissues. Using HPLC with ECD, UV, and MS2 detection, we have quantitatively identified unmetabolized anthocyanin glycosides in various tissues from pigs fed for 8 wk a diet enriched with Vaccinium corymbosum (blueberry). Authentic anthocyanin detection limits were 300 pg on column for HPLC/ECD and 20 pg on column using select ion moitoring on LC/MS2. Several extraction protocols were investigated, optimizing extraction efficiency from tissue while obtaining samples clean enough for LC/MS2 analysis. A flow stream switching protocol proved beneficial to LC/MS2 analysis. Anthocyanin stability appeared to be greater in the presence of tissue extract material than as purified standards. Delphinidin compounds degraded quickly while malvidin compounds were more stable, however, malvidin can be formed by in vivo methylation of other anthocyanins. The value of measuring individual conjugated compounds versus hydrolyzing to aglycones for study of tissue distribution was tested.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".