A <i>Giardia</i> Cathepsin‐B‐like Protease Cleaves Interleukin‐8 From Intestinal Epithelial Cells
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Interleukin‐8 (CXCL8) secretion from intestinal epithelial cells is an early event in acute intestinal inflammation. Infection with the non‐invasive, small intestinal protozoan parasite Giardia duodenalis rarely results in overt intestinal inflammation. Objective To determine if Giardia trophozoites modulate CXCL8 secretion from ex vivo human small intestinal biopsies or in vitro Caco‐2 monolayers administered interleukin (IL)‐1β or Salmonella typhimurium, and identify mechanisms involved. Results Co‐incubation of ex vivo human small intestinal biopsies or in vitro Caco‐2 monolayers with Giardia trophozoites significantly reduced supernatant levels of CXCL8 following stimulation with IL‐1β or S. typhimurium and involved parasite‐mediated cleavage of CXCL8. Giardia trophozoites secreted three cysteine proteases, one sensitive to the cathepsin‐B inhibitor Ca‐074Me. Inhibition of Giardia ‐secreted cysteine proteases with a cysteine protease inhibitor (E‐64d) or Ca‐074Me prevented cleavage of CXCL8. Conclusion Giardia trophozoites secrete a cathepsin‐B‐like protease that cleaves CXCL8. Funding provided by NSERC, AIHS, and CCFC.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".