Protein requirement in healthy pregnant women in early and late gestation determined by indicator amino acid oxidation method
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Protein (PRO) requirements in healthy pregnant women at 16–18 and 34–36 weeks gestation were determined using the indicator amino acid oxidation (IAAO) method. Nine, healthy women (age 25–34) each randomly received a different test PRO intake (range = 0.22–2.56 g/kg/day) during each study day (n=20). The diets were isocaloric and provided energy at 1.7 X resting energy expenditure (REE). PRO was given as a crystalline amino acid mixture based on egg protein composition, except phenylalanine and tyrosine, which were maintained constant across intakes. PRO requirements were determined by measuring the oxidation of L‐[1‐ 13 C]‐phenylalanine to 13 CO 2 (F 13 CO 2 ). Breath and urine samples were collected at baseline and isotopic steady state. Linear regression crossover analysis identified a breakpoint (requirement) at minimal F 13 CO 2 in response to different PRO intakes. Preliminary results indicate the mean PRO requirements in early and late gestation to be ~14% and 48%, respectively, above the estimated average requirement of 0.88 g/kg/day currently recommended by the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI 2005) for macronutrients. Our results also indicate gestational differences in protein requirement, a consideration that has not been addressed by current DRI recommendations. This study is the first to directly estimate gestational protein requirement in a population composed solely of pregnant women, and suggests that current recommendations based on the nitrogen balance method may be underestimated.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".