Voluntary exercise modifies gene expression profiles in the nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS) of hypertensive rats
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Regular exercise has beneficial effects on cardiovascular (CV) function. However, its affect on genetic components of brainstem nuceli is poorly understood. Since the NTS is essential for CV regulation, it may be a neural substrate for exercise‐induced CV adaptation. Rats (spontaneously hypertensive, SHR, n=4; Wistar‐Kyoto, WKY, n=4) performed voluntary wheel exercise (EX) for 12 weeks to screen for differentially expressed genes. Additional rats (n=4 per group) served as sedentary (SED) controls. Brainstems were harvested and NTS tissue was obtained by laser capture microscopy. Total RNA was hybridized to cDNA probes (Ratref12, Illumina) containing ~22,000 transcripts. The criterion for differential expression was > 2X difference in signal intensity. There was no significant difference in total distance (722±145 vs 594±91 km) or distance run per day (9±4 vs 7±3 km), SHR vs WKY. In SHR, exercise decreased resting blood pressure (131±3 vs 122±5 mmHg, P<0.05) and heart rate (311±14 vs 288±3 bpm, P<0.05), SHR‐SED vs SHR‐EX. No differences were found in WKY. Nineteen genes were differentially expressed in SHR‐EX (12 genes increased, 7 genes decreased). Of particular interest were genes involved in the inflammatory process (table). These results form the basis for future studies to elucidate mechanisms and links between voluntary exercise, NTS signaling and CV disease.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".