Anti‐oxidant and Anti‐inflammatory Activity of Tocopherol Isomers Modulates the Nrf‐2 and NfκB Activation in Caco‐2 Human Intestinal Cell Line
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine if the antioxidant activity of tocopherol (Toc) isomers translated to a protection against inflammation through oxidative‐stress related pathways in the Caco‐2 intestinal cell line. Antioxidant activities of major Toc isomers, determined using Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC) chemical assay, followed a relative order of δToc>γToc>αToc. The anti‐inflammatory activity of Toc isomers was determined using interferon γ/phorbol myristate acetate (IFNγ/PMA) cocktail to stimulate interleukin 8 (IL8) secretion from Caco‐2 cells. Both αToc and γToc concentration‐dependently suppressed IL8 production from IFNγ/PMA‐stimulated cells. Delta Toc on the other hand was more effective at a lower concentration to modulate IL8 production compared to αToc and γToc, while being the least effective high concentration. Exposure of Caco‐2 cells to IFNγ/PMA activated both stress‐responsive NfκB pro‐inflammatory and Nrf2 antioxidant enzyme pathways. Only αToc concentration‐dependently suppressed NfκB activation induced by IFNγ/PMA cocktail. There was also an isomer‐dependent difference in the NfκB modulating activity, with αToc being the greatest followed by γToc and δToc (P<0.05). On the other hand, δToc was shown to further promote Nrf2 nuclear translocation, while αToc had no effect. To conclude, the antioxidative pattern exhibited by Toc isomers does not correspond to the anti‐inflammatory activity in Caco‐2 cells; a finding that is attributed to either a non‐antioxidant function of Toc isomers, or the formation of pro‐oxidants at high concentrations of Tocs. Grant Funding Source : UBC‐FNH vitamin research fund and NSERC
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".