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Record W3177335066 · doi:10.1109/jsen.2021.3092728

A Content-Based Chinese Spam Detection Method Using a Capsule Network With Long-Short Attention

2021· article· en· W3177335066 on OpenAlex
Jingya Wang, Changlin Zhang, Runzheng Wang, Zhilin Ge, Wenmao Liu, Zhiyan Zhao

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

affAt least one author lists a Canadian institution in the pinned OpenAlex snapshot.

Bibliographic record

VenueIEEE Sensors Journal · 2021
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldComputer Science
TopicSpam and Phishing Detection
Canadian institutionsSimon Fraser University
FundersNational Social Science Fund of ChinaPeople's Public Security University of China
KeywordsComputer scienceArtificial intelligenceRepresentation (politics)Attention networkFeature extractionMachine learningData miningPattern recognition (psychology)

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Most existing Chinese spam detection models suffer such problems as inaccurate representation, unsatisfactory detection effect and poor practicality. To address these problems, a capsule network model combining the long-short attention mechanism is proposed here to achieve efficient Chinese spam detection. For text representation, the proposed model uses a multi-channel structure based on the long-short attention mechanism, which can capture complex text features in spam and generate contextual word vectors with more semantic information. For feature mining and classification, the model improves the structure of the traditional capsule network without compromising the classification performance and optimizes the dynamic routing algorithm, so that the model has a high accuracy without reducing the running speed. Experimental results show that the model outperformed the current mainstream methods such as TextCNN, LSTM and even BERT in characterization and detection; and it achieved an accuracy as high as 98.72% on an unbalanced dataset and 99.30% on a balanced dataset.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Simulation or modeling · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.432
Threshold uncertainty score0.662

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.001
Science and technology studies0.0010.000
Scholarly communication0.0010.001
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.039
GPT teacher head0.284
Teacher spread0.245 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it