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Record W3177380806 · doi:10.48297/rtt.v1i128.536

La asignación de los derechos de gravamen en los modelos de negocios altamente digitalizados: en busca de una solución justa y neutral

2020· article· es· W3177380806 on OpenAlexaboutno aff
José Ángel Gómez Requena

Bibliographic record

VenueRevista Técnica Tributaria · 2020
Typearticle
Languagees
FieldEnvironmental Science
TopicFinance, Taxation, and Governance
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsHumanitiesPolitical sciencePhilosophy

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

El objeto de este artículo es analizar el impacto de los modelos de negocio altamente digitalizados en el reparto de los derechos de gravamen. El reto abarca introducir nuevas reglas del nexo y de reasignación de los beneficios, que requiere de una modificación para autorizar a los estados de la fuente/mercado y así cumplir con el mandato post-BEPS de tributar en el territorio donde se ha generado el valor. Los modelos de negocio altamente digitalizados se aprovechan de los datos y contenidos generados por los usuarios para crear valor y obtener beneficios. En opinión del autor, la solución a este problema debe respetar las condiciones establecidas en el acuerdo marco de Ottawa de la OCDE para la tributación del comercio electrónico y especialmente lo establecido en el mismo respecto a la neutralidad y justicia fiscal. Dada la dificultad que supone implantar un nuevo concepto de establecimiento permanente virtual a corto o medio plazo, el autor propone tres alternativas que respectan la neutralidad y justicia fiscal, atribuyendo a las jurisdicciones de mercado el derecho a gravar: 1) Creando un nuevo tipo de ingreso en base al artículo de los servicios e publicidad de los Convenios. 2) Haciendo una interpretación expansiva del concepto de cánones en el que se incluya como tales los servicios prestados en la nube. 3) Mediante un nuevo método de distribución del resultado residual que tenga en cuenta factores tanto del lado de la oferta como de la demanda.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame machine prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.002
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.006
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Theoretical or conceptual · Consensus signal: Theoretical or conceptual
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.014
Threshold uncertainty score0.045

Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0020.006
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0010.001
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.001
Bibliometrics0.0010.001
Science and technology studies0.0020.008
Scholarly communication0.0070.011
Open science0.0020.005
Research integrity0.0020.002
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0140.002

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.010
GPT teacher head0.261
Teacher spread0.251 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designTheoretical or conceptual
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations0
Published2020
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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