Capsaicin for Acute or Chronic Non-Cancer Pain: A Review of Clinical Effectiveness, Safety, and Cost-Effectiveness [Internet]
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Pain is a common experience. Generally, acute pain is defined as lasting less than three months, and chronic pain is defined as pain lasting three months or longer. Acute pain includes pain from sprains, strains, and tendonitis; and muscle aches. Chronic pain includes pain associated with osteoarthritis (OA), neuropathic pain (NP), and back pain. According to the Canadian Community Health Survey of individuals during the period 2007 to 2008, the prevalence of chronic pain in adults over the age of 18 years was 18.9% in Canada, and ranged between 16% and 22% for the different provinces. Pain is associated with reduced quality of life, absenteeism from work, and substantial healthcare costs.There are several treatment options for managing pain; both pharmacological and non-pharmacological options. A variety of pharmacological options such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), local anesthetics, tricyclic antidepressants, and capsaicin have been used for pain management., Capsaicin, which is found in chili peppers, has been used as a topical agent to relieve pain. It is a transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 receptor (TRPV1) agonist; it binds to nociceptors (sensory receptors responsible for sending signals that cause the perception of pain) in the skin, specifically to the TRVP1 receptor. This binding initially results in depolarization, initiation of action potential, and pain signal transmission to the spinal cord, and subsequently causes desensitization of the sensory axons and inhibition of pain transmission.– There are various formulations for capsaicin: cream, gel, lotion and patch. It is available as low concentration (e.g., 0.025%, 0.075%, and 0.25%) and high concentration (e.g., 8%) product.– Several capsaicin products are available over-the-counter in Canada. According to a report dated 2018, capsaicin is available in Canada as a cream (0.025%, 0.05%, and 0.075%), gel (0.025%), and patch (0.025%), as well as in creams, gels, or lotions (0.025% or 0.035%) in combination with other active ingredients. There appears to be some uncertainty regarding the therapeutic efficacy of capsaicin for the management of pain.A recent CADTH rapid response report, presented a summary and critical appraisal of evidence-based guidelines regarding capsaicin products for the treatment of acute and chronic non-cancer pain. There was variability in the recommendations for use of capsaicin for the management of pain due to OA. Two guidelines recommended the use of capsaicin (8%) patch as second line therapy for NP. The purpose of this report is to review the clinical effectiveness, safety and cost-effectiveness of capsaicin products for the treatment of acute and chronic non-cancer pain.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.006 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".