Effectiveness of Total Water Intake Guidelines in Maintaining Lowered Urine Osmolality
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The reference values for daily total water intake from fluids and foods (TWI) from the Institute of Medicine (IOM) are 2.7 and 3.7 liters for females and males, respectively. Recent studies suggest that for optimal water intake 24h urine osmolality should be maintained below 500 mmol·kg −1 . Purpose To determine the total water intake requirement for healthy adults to maintain 24h urine osmolality below 500 mmol·kg −1 . Methods Urinary concentration was assessed in 48 men and 50 women (age: 41±14 y, body mass index: 26.2±5.1 kg·m −2 ) via urine osmolality from 24h samples (UOsm). TWI was assessed via water turnover using the deuterium dilution (D 2 O) method throughout a 7‐day time period, corrected for metabolic water production. The diagnostic accuracy of TWI to identify UOsm ≤ 500 mmol·kg −1 was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis in men and women separately. Results UOsm was 511±232 and 402±203 mmol·kg −1 and TWI was 3.54±1.08 L·d −1 and 3.20±1.27 L·d −1 in men and women, respectively. 32% of men and 55% of women met IOM guidelines for TWI. ROC analysis for TWI detecting UOsm ≤ 500 mmol·kg −1 in men yielded an area under the curve (AUC) of 77.4% with sensitivity, specificity, and threshold values of 83.3%, 64.5%, and 3.39 L·d −1 , respectively. In women, the AUC was 82.4% with sensitivity, specificity, and threshold values of 85.7%, 72.1%, and 2.61 L·d −1 , respectively. Conclusion Considering threshold values in men and women of 3.39 L·d −1 and 2.61 L·d −1 , respectively, maintaining TWI in line with IOM guidelines of 3.7 L·d −1 in men and 2.7 L·d −1 in women should be sufficient for most individuals to maintain 24h urine osmolality less than 500 mmol·kg −1 . Support or Funding Information This research was supported by Danone Research. This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal .
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.006 | 0.018 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".